Memento Mori

Verse: ‘…continually reminding them of death, and the duration of eternity, and the judgements and the power of God, and all these things – stirring them up continually to keep them in the fear of the Lord’, (Enos 1:23).

For many of us, believers or not, it can be hard to live in the shadow of death. In the Western world especially, we seem to have fostered a culture where it is better to live in ignorance of death and ignore the looming certainty of our fates. At university we had the good luck to study the rising trend of death cafes, during which the discussion of approaches to death between Western and Eastern religious communities was brought up. In communities where circular notions of life are the norm there has been found a much more logical and understanding approach to death. Where rebirth or reincarnation are believed, or at least taught/understood, death is seen more as a natural stage of life; one that is certain and should not be feared for what it represents. In communities with more linear understandings of life and death, or indeed no belief, death simply represents the end point on our journeys, a grim and dark final destination.

It is perfectly understandable, then, that people in this environment view talking about death as morbid or in bad taste, something to be hushed and silenced instead of engaged in good naturedly. For me this is something that shows a sad state of affairs where I reside. Studies have described the correlation between ignoring death and then heightened anxiety when a grave illness, sudden death, or terminal diagnosis are given. In live is it not always better to be prepared? Thinking about death does not have to lead to a depressive nature. There are many wonderful resources that paint it in a light that is far from fearful such as the classic text The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying that emerged from Tibetan Buddhism. In the Book of Enos the benefits of thinking about our death are laid out, in a similar way for centuries people from all faiths and none have engaged in a practice known as memento mori – the remembrance of death.

It can be helpful, and in fact calming, to meditate on the certainty of death. It can bring comfort and also help to put issues within our lives in a greater sense of perspective. Memento mori paired with carpe diem can indeed do wonders for our own self development. For those who are visual meditators there are many beautiful works of art that depict the Dance of Death (a beautiful rendition is the 15th Century fresco in the National Gallery of Slovenia which can be found online) which may be beneficial to study. Phillippe de Champaigne’s Vanitas would also be a perfect example of memento mori artwork. When I meditate on death I give myself time to prayer near the end, to ask for strength for any fears that came up, to ask for guidance in living each day to the best of my ability, and to thank God for the blessings I have in life – which are framed in piercing clarity after such a meditation.

What Happens Next?

Verse: ‘Now, this restoration shall come to all, both old and young, both bond and free, both male and female, both the wicked and the righteous; and even there shall not so much as a hair of their heads be lost; but every thing shall be restored to its perfect frame, as it is now, or in the body’, (Alma 11:44).

I think one of the most important questions adherents of almost any religious tradition can ask themselves is the age-old question of what happens next. What happens to my body? My soul? Do I go anywhere after death? Do I still know what is going on? For me this question isn’t one necessarily rooted in fear, but more curiosity of the unknown, and due to my religious faith and understanding I find it helpful to turn to the Book of Mormon for answers. Within the Book of Mormon there are several passages which go into varying levels of detail as to what happens and where one goes after death.

First of all, we know that the soul, the unique thing that makes us who we are, leaves the body after the death process and the soul is taken back to God (Alma 40:11). This is then followed by an intermediate state of being, it is not a permanent or final place of rest, but one in which we stay until the eventual Last Judgement (Alma 40:14). This intermediate state is one in which the righteous spirits reside in a state of constant happiness, which is referred to as paradise. It is a peaceful state of rest without trouble or sorrow (Alma 40:12). However, for some, those who committed deliberate acts of sin and wrongful deeds, their state of rest is known as outer darkness. The Book of Mormon describes it as a state of ‘weeping, and wailing, and gnashing of teeth’ due to the sinner’s own iniquity (Alma 40:13).

It is important to remember that this is not a permanent state of existence and at some point in the future there will be the Last Judgement in which those who are in this temporal death will be raised from death (Alma 11:42). At this moment ‘death and hell must deliver up their dead, and hell must deliver up its captive spirits, and the grave must deliver up its captive bodies’ before the bodies and spirits of all are restored together (2 Nephi 9:12). Those in paradise must also come for judgement and so ‘the paradise of God must deliver up the spirits of the righteous’ also (2 Nephi 9:13). In the physical resurrection all parts of the body are restored and the spirit is reunited to it. The knowledge of good and even will be in us all so we come before God knowing and recalling our guilt. We shall then all be judged for our deeds before God.

This may bring fear to those who sin, but those who live well can hope and look forward to the day we shall all be brought forth again, to exist with our loved ones and with God.

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